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51 pages 1 hour read

Jack Gantos

Dead End In Norvelt

Jack GantosFiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2011

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Chapters 17-22Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 17 Summary

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death.

Bunny thinks that Jack is wasting his summer. She’s upset that he can’t spend time with her. Jack believes that his summer has been “interesting,” and he trades his ticket for a flight on the J-3 so that he can play baseball. Bunny’s team has only five players. As Bunny and Jack walk to the baseball field, Miss Volker announces that Mrs. Linga has died. Bunny accompanies Jack and Miss Volker to Mrs. Linga’s house, where Jack notices Mom’s half-eaten casseroles. Miss Volker and Mr. Huffer conclude that Mrs. Linga died due to “complications” from a broken hip.

In Miss Volker’s obituary for Mrs. Linga, Miss Volker notes Mrs. Linga’s talent for carving ducks. She also highlights Mrs. Linga’s husband, who had a wooden leg and cared for the mules that pulled the coal cars in the mines. Miss Volker adds a history of Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman—romantic partners and violent social reformers.

Jack sees Dad drive by with a Norvelt house on the back of a trailer. There’s another Roosevelt town in West Virginia—the town’s name is Eleanor—and someone is buying the houses and sending them to the West Virginia community. Miss Volker thinks that they should start a Protect Norvelt organization.

Chapter 18 Summary

Mr. Greene wants to hire Jack for the Norvelt News, but Mom rejects the idea: Jack has work to do around home, and they’re paying him in the form of an allowance. Jack claims that he’s going to cry. Mom reminds him of how he got into his situation: mowing down her cornfield. However, she concedes that Jack might be able to work for Mr. Greene later. Mr. Greene could use Jack’s assistance, as he accidentally printed a “This Day in History” column for June 16 when it’s July 16. The column features notes about Henry Ford, President Abraham Lincoln, and Geronimo.

As Jack sadly digs the bomb shelter, he creates an obituary for himself. Bunny stops by and wonders if Jack could help her father clean up the embalming room after her father tended to a group of people who died in a bus crash. Jack can’t be around so much blood, so Bunny suggests that they “borrow” Miss Volker’s car and drive to Pittsburgh. Jack says no: He doesn’t want to get into trouble. Instead, he shows Bunny his room, where he constructed an igloo out of books. Jack likes to “sniff” the books, and Bunny thinks that’s “weird.” She doesn’t read, nor does she think highly of history. Jack believes that history is “alive” and powerful.

Bunny wishes that Jack could prove he didn’t put the bullet in the Japanese sniper rifle. If he could, he could hang out with her. Upset, Bunny leaves. Dad arrives with news that Bunny’s father is the person buying the houses and moving them to Eleanor, West Virginia. Mr. Huffer is also keeping the land they were on in Norvelt. Jack wonders if Mr. Huffer plans to turn Norvelt into a large cemetery.

Chapter 19 Summary

To find out more about Mr. Huffer’s plans, Jack calls Bunny. Still upset over Jack’s isolation, Bunny dramatically refuses his calls before agreeing to meet if he joins her on the Girl Scout fire patrol. Jack sneaks out of the house. Bunny quips about his masculinity and offers him a cigarette, which he turns down.

Mr. Huffer is buying the Norvelt houses and selling them to the community in Eleanor because the town is bigger and thus there are more deaths. Mr. Huffer intends to move his funeral parlor from Norvelt to Eleanor and turn Norvelt into a development called Hufferville.

As Jack wonders if Bunny is joking about Hufferville, the Hells Angels arrive. One member tries to light a house on fire. Jack yells at him and throws a rock. The Hells Angel chases Jack and Bunny, and the volunteer fire department manages to put out the fire and limit the damage.

Chapter 20 Summary

The “This Day in History” column for July 28 features King Henry VIII executing his chief minister Thomas Cromwell and the death of the tyrannical French Revolution politician Maximilien de Robespierre. The focus on death makes Jack wonder if he’ll die today. The arrival of the farrier reinforces the notion, as he’s a former Hells Angel. However, the farrier got fed up with drinking and acting “nasty,” so now he cares for animals. He reiterates his need to be paid in cash. He doesn’t want Jack, nor does he want to see Jack’s book igloo.

Chapter 21 Summary

Jack drives to Mertie-Jo’s house to get more Thin Mints for Miss Volker. Mertie-Jo’s family needs money, and selling cookies isn’t enough, so they’re about to move to Pittsburgh, where her father can find a job. Jack says that he’d eat 1,000 cookies a day if she’d stay. Her father loads three boxes of Thin Mints into Miss Volker’s trunk, which has a skeleton in it that Jack mistakes for a dead woman.

At Miss Volker’s house, Mr. Huffer calls to warn about the impending death of Mrs. Hamsby. Her children want her cremated right away. Trusting Mr. Huffer’s testimony, Miss Volker agrees that Mrs. Hamsby died of natural causes. She’ll fill out the paperwork later.

For Mrs. Hamsby’s obituary, Miss Volker compares history to nature. She also notes how Mrs. Hamsby was in charge of Norvelt’s post office. She kept the undeliverable letters and pinned them throughout her house. Visitors can unpin them and read them. They can also enjoy the stamps that decorate each room.

Miss Volker then discusses Anne Frank, the Jewish teen whose family hid from the Nazis in a secret apartment and kept a diary. Eventually, the Nazis found her family. Only her father survived. Allies of the Franks kept Anne’s journal and gave it to her father. There was resistance to publishing it, but Eleanor Roosevelt admired Anne’s diary and wrote an introduction to the first American publication.

When Jack gives the typed obituary to Mr. Greene, Mr. Greene announces his suspicions about the older women’s deaths. He thinks that someone should investigate them, and Jack says that the job of newspapers and journalists is to examine suspect occurrences.

Chapter 22 Summary

With help from some other workers, Dad can now fly the J-3. Mom forbids Jack from getting on the plane, and Jack grumbles, “Cheeze-us-crust.” Mom scolds Jack for “fake cursing.” Dad turns Jack into his “ground crew.” Jack must remove the wood blocks in front of the tires and avoid the dangerous propeller.

Dad taunts Mom and Jack by flying low. He then pretends to divebomb an empty house that he’ll soon move to West Virginia. Next time, Dad will have water balloons with him. Mom and Miss Volker reproach Dad. Mrs. Vinyl called Miss Volker: Mrs. Vinyl thought that the Russians were attacking Norvelt.

Chapters 17-22 Analysis

The coming-of-age genre manifests in a combative exchange between Bunny and Jack. Bunny claims, “Your whole summer is wasting away […] This is the summer of your life when you did nothing!” and Jack counters, “You’re wrong. I’m having a very interesting summer” (259). “Interesting” also means educational. While the grounding keeps Jack from his friend, it doesn’t isolate him. As in the previous chapters, Jack engages with the world in Chapters 17-22. He meets a former Hells Angels (the farrier), and he realizes that a violent, uncouth person can change. He also becomes central to the murder mystery, pushing Mr. Greene to investigate the deaths.

Jack’s character grows rebellious and confrontational, demonstrating his developing arc. He sneaks out to help Bunny with the fire patrol. When he sees the Hells Angel lighting the house on fire, he screams at him and throws a rock. Characters continue to make fun of him for his lack of typical masculine traits. After Jack joins Bunny on fire patrol, Bunny quips, “Well, look who decided to be a man for a change” (292). However, with the Hells Angel, Jack asserts himself. Jack steps in again by coaxing Mr. Greene to look into the murders. Jack also demonstrates courage by helping Dad fly the plane in Chapter 22. Such scenes indicate that Jack is gradually growing into a “man.”

The Force of Community continues to develop with Oscar Huffer and Dad’s interactions. Bunny’s father represents an aggressive community member, buying the empty houses and shipping them to West Virginia. Dad, too, is a volatile member. His pretend divebomb scares Mrs. Vinyl, who thinks the Russians are attacking Norvelt. Such scenes indicate that the community isn’t harmonious: There’s agitation and exploitation, and people often try to leave or destroy their communities. Dad wants to move to Florida, and Mr. Huffer wants to replace Norvelt with Hufferville. Yet Dad and Mr. Huffer remain tethered to the community. Mr. Huffer continues to care for the dying old woman, and Dad inevitably comes back from his construction job. Norvelt itself has an intangible force that pulls people in.

In Chapter 17, Gantos uses foreshadowing to bring together the themes of History as Guidance and Confronting Death and Violence. After dictating the obituary for Mrs. Linga, Miss Volker adds a history of Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman. The revolutionary romantic partners connect to Mr. Spizz and Miss Volker. Like Goldman, Miss Volker is an outspoken activist for everyday people. Like Berkman, Mr. Spizz, as the novel later reveals, is capable of deadly violence. Thus, Berkman becomes a clue or foreshadowing for who’s responsible for the deaths.

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